Modo de parto y violencia obstétrica no percibida por la mujer

Abstract

[spa] Introducción y objetivos: El concepto de violencia obstétrica todavía carece de una definición específica a nivel internacional. Este hecho conlleva que, a menudo, ciertas prácticas que pueden englobarse dentro de la violencia obstétrica no se perciban como tal. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si al utilizar herramientas validadas existe discordancia entre la violencia obstétrica percibida y la experimentada. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, de carácter descriptivo y de corte transversal llevado a cabo entre noviembre de 2021 y mayo de 2022. Se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario que incluía un instrumento previamente validado y publicado en la literatura para la recogida de datos. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS v. 28.0.0.0 (190). Resultados. Se registraron un total de 466 partos, 306 (65,66%) fueron partos vaginales, 104 (22,32%) partos por cesárea y 56 (12,02%) partos instrumentados. 99 (95,19%) fueron cesáreas no electivas, mientras que 5 (4,81%) fueron cesáreas electivas. La prevalencia de violencia obstétrica en las Islas Baleares fue del 59,05% (57,08% en el total de partos incluidos en el estudio). Conclusiones. Se observa una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre haber experimentado violencia obstétrica y la percepción de violencia obstétrica. El 75,56% de las participantes no percibieron violencia obstétrica pese a haberla experimentado. La percepción se determinó como un método de baja exactitud para la detección de violencia obstétrica. Para las cesáreas electivas, no se obtuvo un área bajo la curva estadísticamente significativa ni se pudo determinar asociación entre las variables.

[eng] Introduction and objectives: The concept of obstetric violence still lacks a specific definition at the international level. As a result, practices that may fall under the umbrella of obstetric violence are often not perceived as such. The aim of this paper is to determine if there is a mismatch between perceived and experienced obstetric violence using validated tools. Methodology: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. A questionnaire including a previously validated instrument published in the literature was designed and applied for data collection. The data were processed with SPSS v. 28.0.0.0 (190). Results: A total of 466 births were recorded, 306 (65,66%) were vaginal deliveries, 104 (22,32%) were caesarean deliveries and 56 (12,02%) were instrumented deliveries. 99 (95.19%) were non-elective caesarean sections, while 5 (4,81%) were elective caesarean sections. The prevalence of obstetric violence in the Balearic Islands was 59.05% (57,08% in the total number of childbirths included in the study). Conclusions: There is a statistically significant association (p<0.05) between having experienced obstetric violence and the perception of obstetric violence. 75,56% of the participants did not perceive obstetric violence despite having experienced it. Perception was found to be a low accuracy method for detecting obstetric violence. For elective caesarean sections, no statistically significant area under the curve was obtained and no association between the variables could be determined.