Unveiling the Context for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Spanish Nursing

Abstract

[eng] Aim: This study explores contextual factors affecting evidence-based practice (EBP) adoption among Spanish nurses, examining their interaction with sociodemographic and practice variables to enhance implementation strategies. Design: A national multicenter study employing a cross-sectional online survey design was conducted with an intentional sample of 934 voluntary Spanish practicing nurses. Methods: Participants completed the 12-item Barriers/facilitators dimension of the HS-EBP instrument, along with sociodemographic, training and practice information relevant to EBP implementation. Psychometric networks have been utilised as a novel analytical approach. Results: The HS-EBP scores confirm validity and reliability for assessing EBP barriers and facilitators among Spanish nurses. Primary barriers include inadequate EBP discussion spaces, lack of guidance, resistance to change, patient apathy, time constraints and support gaps. Key facilitators are higher academic qualifications, EBP training, professional development participation, educational institution employment and student supervision. Focus is needed on rural nurses and those with heavy clinical duties, facing major EBP barriers. Conclusion: Spanish nurses encounter organisational barriers to EBP implementation, including insufficient incentives and support. Prioritising hands-on training, professional development in teaching and research and robust programs can enhance nurses' ability to advance EBP implementation. Impact: The HS-EBP questionnaire is reliable in measuring organisational and contextual factors affecting EBP implementation. Implications for the Profession: Successful implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the Spanish healthcare system depends on developing an appropriate organisational culture and securing support from formal leaders. Additionally, fostering an understanding of the importance of patients and their families among Spanish nurses is crucial for promoting EBP adoption.